Monday, December 16, 2013

Only The Good Die Young

Teachers-Of-The-World probably don't spend enough time teaching digital literacy. I know this because, you know, YouTube comments. And also just because.

But it's not necessarily true that once you put something on the Internet, it stays there forever. It might not even stay for the duration of this year. There's a Murphy's Law smushed into a piece of Fruit Roll-Up stuck to the bottom of The Internets' collective shoe that says, "The more useful slash interesting a web tool is, the shorter it's life span."
Exhibit A

The flip-side of this rule of course means that the amazingly vacuous Ask.Fm will be around forever.

This post should be about that. It should be about cyber-bullying and the tools that make that possible. It should be about a morally bankrupt CEO so disconnected from humanity that he has made it his life mission to peddle and propagate a service that is designed to do more harm than good, and who feels absolutely no social obligation with a service that's been linked to such a detachment of the human spirit.

But this post is not about that.

This post is instead about inconvenience, maybe because its more convenient to talk about that.

This post is about celebrating the impermanence of the web for 2013 and how I'm doomed to be repackaging content over and over again because I'm a packrat and I fall for slick looking, well-designed web tools with terrible business models.

It's a Woody Allen post. Not an Allen Say post.

So without further ado...

Dearly Beloved,
     We are gathered here today in the presence of practically no witnesses to procrastinate and pay homage to these unsustainable tools, as they may make way for future tools with equally unsustainable business models.

Dearest Posterous, You Will Be Missed Most of All
I didn't love Posterous, but I loved the idea of Posterous. The reality of Posterous was often very frustrating. But it was pretty and so I put up with the extreme discomfort. I've used it as a platform for E-Portfolios after I first threw out Google Sites. It was a long process to initially setup but easy for the students to maintain. The next year I tried Weebly, but I still loved the pretty, pretty Posterous. So we used it as our online newspaper:

And then Posterous died.

And then I tried Edublogs as a Posterous-Substitute.

Do you notice the missing text on the blog posts that feature photos?
How about the enlarged pixelations that blot out whole squares?
The inconsistent layout as a whole?
That's Edublogs.

Somehow this decrypted old bag of a blogging platform is the preferred platform for possibly dozens of educators.

Dearest SlideRocket, You're A Fantastic Pain In The Butt To Replace
SlideRocket was a fairly convenient web based slideshow presenter that for some reason couldn't sustain its' economic model of being completely free.  I have a few of those trusty ol' SlideRockets embedded in some crotchety decrepit posts in this blog, and if I was smart I'd replace them with Google Presentations. At least then I'd know that they would be around forever because Google Presentations is boring and therefore horrible and eternal.

Haiku Deck is much better than SlideRocket, which is probably why it'll have a remaining shelf life of a fistful of months. It also means that there is no easy way to import my old SlideRocket presentations. I have to download the presentations as PowerPoints, and then convert the PowerPoints into a series of images, then upload the images one by one into a Haiku Deck presentation since Haiku Deck doesn't support batch uploads. To celebrate this process of banal minutia, here is one of my first Haiku Deck presentations:

Anyway this is all just to say it's painful to repackage old content so that it still displays on the 2014 Internet-of-the-Future. It's so painful that I decided to write this post instead of actually doing it.

Saturday, December 14, 2013

Write About This: A 4th Grade Writing Club





I first heard about the "Write About This" app while listening to the uneven Techlandia podcast by the self-deprecating iPad Sammy. I checked it out and then dismissed it for a few months. Being a disciple of Writing Workshop, I wasn't a big fan of prompt writing. But one of the things I both love and hate about Writing Workshop is the length of time that's needed to spend on a single piece of writing.  This year in particular reminded me of the "hate" side of that equation, and in October I was thinking about how I could have my class writing both ways; to be able to develop a piece of writing over a period of time, but also to encourage a love of writing with shorter, more imaginative assignments. I remembered "Write About This" and decided I might actually like prompt-based writing after all.  I decided to try an optional "Writers' Club" with my class to see how it would go. My idea was to use the prompts from "Write About This" to get the kids to write almost every day.
There are several good things about this app, but the sheer number of interesting photo prompts is the big reason I decided to use it.







Each photo has 3 different text prompts associated with it. I go through the photos, save the prompts I like to the camera roll, and then print them out 6 to a page. It's an easy process that lets me generate prompts quickly for the children. Each morning I spend 3 minutes cutting up a new batch for the kids to grab when they first come into the class.

I introduced the club near the end of October to my class with the following criteria:
- I'd give a new prompt each day, Monday through Thursday.
- I didn't care how much or how little the kids wrote, as long as they wrote something from each prompt.
- The kids could follow the prompt exactly or just use the picture to help them write whatever they wanted.
- If they decided to join the club, I'd give them their own notebook with the agreement that they couldn't exit the club until the notebook was filled. If they wanted to stay in it though, I'd give them another notebook.

Out of the 20 children in my class, 17 decided to join, and I'm astounded by the number of different ways the kids decided to do this given such a small sample size.
Several kids decided to do the prompts without any change. The children that decided to do it this way also tend generate less writing than the children who change the prompts to what they think is more interesting.


Some kids type or write outside their notebooks and put it in later.


Most kids choose to put the prompts in as they are writing, but one student chooses not to put the prompts in at all, but to use the prompts as a launching point for his stories. Another student chooses to put the prompts at the back of her writing notebook, along with the dates for each prompt.




I have another student who has decided to tell a single story that runs through every prompt. She has a family tree at the beginning of her notebook that keeps track of all the different characters she introduces. 

I also like this app because it's easy to generate your own photo-prompts. I can use my own photos, but for now I've decided that every Thursday I'll use a photo from "The Mysteries of Harris Burdick". 



I give the Harris Burdick prompts on Thursday, to allow the kids to write a little more with them.
The hardest thing about this is finding time for the kids to share their writing. To help with this, I have a book basket in our class library where the kids can put their writing notebooks so that others can read their stories during our reading time. It's not a perfect solution, but it's a start.

Sunday, December 8, 2013

iPads in Grade 4: The Other Stuff in Week 2

My 2nd Week Reflection, Part 2
My school lent my classroom five iPads two weeks ago to see if I could find things to do with them. If I can then they might make them more widely available for other upper elementary classrooms. My class gets to use them for three weeks and then I have to give them up. In the meantime I've been asked to make weekly reports on how I used them. 

In my last post, I talked about using Aurasma in our class.

For this post I'll discuss the following:
1) Finalizing our Book Trailers (continued from Week 1)
2) Extending our Math Tutorial Playlist (continued from Week 1)
3) Recording our Thinking For Assessments


Finalizing our Book Trailers (continued from Week 1)
I initially talked about this project in the Week 1 blog post. The assignment was to storyboard and create a book trailer for Breaking Stalin's Nose by Eugene Yelchin. On Monday of this past week we spent the period filming, so the total amount of filming was a period and a half (about 90 minutes). There were three groups, so we have three finished trailers using different trailer genres telling the same story.



It's hard to recognize exactly what's going on unless you are familiar with the book. That's okay. But equally as important to the fluidity of the trailer storyline is the use of words. For these types of trailers (where speech is taken out of video and the setting always has to be somewhere in the school even if that's not the setting in the book), the words drive the story more than images. Each group handled the words in a different way. I tried to get the groups to start out with a question, so that the audience could connect with the trailer from the beginning. 



There's a fine balance with words in a trailer. It's easier (but less effective) to write generalized language if the story that is being told isn't clear to the storytellers, or if the trailer assignment's objectives aren't clear. Using the end products as a reflection next week can help clarify this. 




Extending our Math Tutorial Playlist (continued from Week 1)
Speaking of reflection, the next step in developing our Youtube math tutorials that we started making last week is feedback. This would be a great opportunity to begin to teach comments and how to use them effectively. But we wouldn't be able to make any comments on our Youtube channel, because Youtube changed their comments policy.
Youtube comments have always been a magnificent representation of the dredges of online behavior. It seems though that Youtube's new comments policy was put into place not so much to clean that up as to get people to sign up to Google+. My kids can't sign into Google+ and therefore can't comment on each other's Youtube videos (The dredges can't either because they are unlisted). We needed an alternative way. 

We have E-portfolios in Google Sites. And if we embed our videos into our e-portfolios we can leave all the comments we want. So this week we tried to look critically at each other's tutorials, using the "Two stars and a wish" template; two things you found good or interesting, and one thing that the tutorial author could improve on. 


The effort, mechanics, and detail range from kid to kid of course. But this is a good starting point.
The next step is to look at these comments as a class and ask ourselves some questions:

  • What types of comments are the most helpful for feedback? 
  • Which ones can help us improve our mathematical thinking and explanations? 
  • Are there any types of comments that we would want to respond to? 
  • How can we write a comment that starts a conversation instead of ends it?

Here's a final thought on this math tutorial project for this year: So far the focus has been about the authors of these tutorials learning how to explain what they are doing, and to help me understand the gaps in their thinking. They were never set up to be actual tutorials for others to learn from. But I'd like them to be. And maybe Khan Academy is a good template for how to do this. For example, that site doesn't have a "comments" section. Instead the section is labeled "questions." We could use a platform such as Wikispaces, and have the students be the curators of the content. Each student could be in charge of a section that they are responsible for designing, maintaining, updating (and perhaps responsible for encouraging page traffic and collaboration).

Recording our Thinking For Assessments
The final thing I did with the iPads this week is use them for individual assessments. I'm strictly using the iPad as a video camera here. I could easily replace it with a FLIP camera or whatever, but because I have an iPad stand* and it is so easy to upload video content onto the cloud, the iPads make sense. The following video is a little dry, but as a teacher, it's an invaluable piece for me to assess individual's understanding.


The difficult part is to find the time to do this for every single one of my kids. As I have it set up now, I can do about two children a day. I might not be able to do this will all the children, but I can do it for the ones who aren't used to sharing their thinking in a full classroom.

Saturday, December 7, 2013

iPads in Grade 4: Using Aurasma

My 2nd Week Reflection, Part 1
My school lent my classroom five iPads two weeks ago to see if I could find things to do with them. If I can then they might make them more widely available for other upper elementary classrooms. My class gets to use them for three weeks and then I have to give them up. In the meantime I've been asked to make weekly reports on how I used them. 

This is what I'll talk about for Week 2:
1) Using Aurasma to Recommend Books
2) Finalizing our Book Trailers (continued from Week 1)
3) Extending our Math Tutorial Playlist (continued from Week 1)
4) Recording our Thinking For Assessments

Because I have a small history with Aurasma that extended beyond this past week, I'm going to use this post to talk solely about this. The other three topics will be covered in the next post. 

1) Using Aurasma to Recommend Books
I love the potential of Aurasma. If only every adult and child would have it installed on their smart device, and then subscribed to our class channel, and somehow have that device soldered into their brain stem, Aurasma would be the coolest thing ever.
This rainbow screams, "Hook me into your medulla oblongata."

But there's no easy way to plug this app into your body, and that's a shame because unfortunately to understand the next section, you'll have to go through these steps to understand what the heck I'm talking about.


      1) Download Aurasma on either iOS or Android.

      2) Subscribe to my Aurasma channel: In the Aurasma app, you can search for channels. Our classroom channel is called ISP Grade 4-R

      3) With the app open, hover your device over selective pictures and text in this section.
      
      I'll give you a few seconds to do that. In the meantime, I'll entertain myself with a logo that I wish Aurasma would have used as their own:
           
This rainbow screams, "Hook me into your medulla oblongata."


      Done? Great. Now, back to Aurasma. 
      There are dozens of ways to use this app in the classroom. I have an iPad, so I wanted to do something for Open House this year. One of our first "Get to know each other" activities in the class was to do a small writing project based on the photo book, The Best Part of Me by Wendy Ewald. 
      


For our open house, I published the photos with the children's writing around the room. Then I videoed them reading their writing. The idea was that parents could try to guess their children based on a black and white photo of close-up body parts, then use Aurasma to see if they were right. You can try it with the photo below: 


The best part of me is my left eye because its like a black moon. 
It never shines so it never gives me away when I am hiding.

But I haven't really been able to use the app to benefit the kids, because we didn't have any that were readily available in the classroom. So what else would I use the app for? Here are a couple of ideas that I really like:

A) Extending the meaning of a Word Wall
During our "Rights and Responsibilities" unit, we were trying to increase are vocabulary so that we could better describe and identify intangibles that we value. To do this, I had the kids choose a word that they previously didn't know, and create a 10 second pantomime to demonstrate that word. I eventually wanted to create a word wall with each word attached to its own silent video of the students demonstrating what that word meant. Because of the one iPad restriction, I never ended up setting up that wall. But here is what it would look like. Point your device at each of the big words below to see the attached videos:






Ingenuity






  
Encouragement





Making an Aurasma Book Basket
This past week I wanted to start collecting book reviews from classroom books, and attaching those reviews to the books using Aurasma. The idea was that if someone was trying to figure out what book they wanted to read, they could grab an iPad mini, and peruse the Aurasma book basket to see what other kids thought about the books. 
I first had the children treat their book reviews like I have them design their reading response letters: A summary followed by what they think about the book. Here is an example of book talk that was well put together, but probably doesn't fulfill its intended purpose because of the format that I asked him to follow:





Although the reviews were informative, they really didn't fit the purpose. If someone wanted to know what the book was about, they could just read the back cover. What we needed in these reviews was less of a summary and more opinion. We needed a hook, and we needed the reviews to be much shorter.
Later in the week I developed this template to hopefully help us achieve those goals:

      A)   The Question:
Start with a question that connects the listener to the book. I got this idea from watching tons of movie trailers. I've often incorporated the criteria in our book trailers. It only makes sense to also use it in our book reviews. 
      B)    The Bridge: Connect the question to the book your talking about. If you have a summary, make it as short as possible.*
      C)   The CritiqueWhat are three good and/or not-so-good things about this book?
D) The Example: Give a specific example on your last like/dislike.
E) The Recommendation: Do you recommend this book and why? What rating do you give  it?
We went through this process as a class with a read aloud book we finished a couple of weeks ago: No Ordinary Day by Deborah Ellis:
Then I had the kids make their own. What I didn't do but will need to do, is show how all the pieces can fit together. The ingredients are there, but the kids still need to learn how to mix them so it sounds more fluid. Anyway, here is an example of the book reviews the kids did yesterday:




It's not too wordy, the audience doesn't get lost in a long summary, and there are a lot of opinions. I really think it's a beginning to producing actual reviews that are useful to more than just the student who wrote it and the teacher who assesses it. 

Friday, November 29, 2013

iPads in 4th Grade: Week 1

My school lent my classroom five iPads last week to see if I could find things to do with them. If I can then they might make them more widely available for other upper elementary classrooms. Our class get to use them for three weeks and then I have to give them up. In the meantime I've been asked to make weekly reports on how I used them. Since I haven't written on my blog since I changed schools this summer, I thought this would be a great place to put my write-ups.

This post will highlight two things I did this week:
1) Making Book Trailers
2) Creating a Youtube Playlist of Math Tutorials

1) Making Book Trailers
One of our big social studies themes is "Our World of Rights and Responsibilities." Since we live in the Czech Republic, we tie this theme to the region's recent communist past. We have guest speakers, we went to a Stalin era Hard Labour Camp, and we read Breaking Stalin's Nose by Eugene Yelchin.
Spoiler Alert: The title refers to a bust of Stalin

We did a lot of work processing the text, and we even wrote scripts for several of the chapters. I was going to leave it there though because it would take too long to film and it would have been very difficult to split up into groups. Then the iPads came, and I decided we would could film using the iMovie Trailer templates. I've talked about book trailers using iMovie before. And it's a lot easier to make the trailers on an iPad than a laptop. There is much less of a learning curve with the iPad iMovie, and everything is more efficient since the iPad is both the video camera and the editor. 
There are three templates in iMovie that (kind of) fit the tone of the book:


Although to be fair, "Narrative" is really the only one that fits the tone.

I showed the trailer templates to the class, split them into three groups, and when their group decided on the template I gave them a storyboard. Writing the storyboard for the trailer: Narrative, Adrenaline, and Expedition. I made the storyboards rather than convert the iMovie storyboards into pdf files. I did this because in the past kids get too caught up on the extra information on the iMovie storyboards. For example, they would think that a "Landscape" shot would have to be a landscape. So my storyboards stripped all of that extra information out. While they were storyboarding their trailer, I made a trailer for them to show how we replace the film footage and the words of the template but keep the music and the pace:
I was tempted to do "The Making of The Making of..." trailer after this one.

We started filming the trailers on Friday. 

I'll report on how they turned out next week.

2) Creating a Youtube Playlist of Math Tutorials

Part 1: Use the drawing and recording features of Explain Everything.
One of the best ways I can think of to have the children demonstrate their thinking is get them to make tutorials for each other. We started the week using the Explain Everything app for our math tutorials and uploading them to our Youtube channel directly from the app. 

Part 2: Use some advanced features of Explain Everything.
By the end of the week I showed them how to embed videos into their presentations. Several of them attempted to take videos of themselves using base 10 blocks to illustrate a math concept, playing the video during their screencast, and working out the problem along side the video.
The below video features a mathematical mistake. We'll examine the mistake on Monday. 

The videos are not just an interesting alternative to teach others, but can also be used to explore our own misconceptions. 



Thursday, August 1, 2013

10 Ways I Enhanced My Classroom With Tech This Year

Last year I wrote 10 posts outlining how I tried to enhance my classroom with technology. My thought is that if I can think of at least 10 things that I did differently each year, then I'm doing a decent job keeping up with my professional development in this area.

So I will commit to this every year.
Unfortunately this kind of commitment means I'll never go home early

The difference for this year though is that instead of writing 10 separate posts, I'm writing a single post outlining everything. Many of these in this list already have their own post or presentation though so I reference them whenever possible.

This year's class

Here we go:

10) Sign Up Genius
I was the Elementary After School Activity Coordinator at Lincoln. If you've never tried being an activities coordinator, you can get roughly the same experience by going down this slide twice a day for a year:
This was not one of the activities offered

Automating signups was a late revelation for me, and saved me a lot of hassle. After automation I was only going down this slide once a day. I looked around a lot, and Signup Genius was the easiest, the prettiest, and the free-est.

9) Class Economy Tech Products
There should be a post about this in the future.
I get all of my class economy ideas either directly or indirectly from my students. This year was the first year my students and I made a huge transition on what was possible to sell. Students started selling Garage Band songs that they created, Scratch digital stories, and short films. They emailed their customers not only their purchases, but thank you letters and promotions.
Songs are much lighter to carry around too.


8) Using Back Channels
I go over this as much as memory allows in the link above.

7) The Class Online Newspaper
Posteous is dead. Long live Posterous.

6) Individual Blogs
Why on Earth would anyone choose to make a Google Site if they have access to Blogger?

5) Edmodo and the 4 rooms
I love Edmodo, except that it's clunky and linear and doesn't really do what I want.

4) Teaching Authenticity
This is one of the ideas I presented in my NESA presentation this Spring. I thought that this summer I'd create a great big database of fake websites as a fantastic resource. It appears that everyone under the sun already had this idea though. Anyway, it was the first year I taught fake websites.

3) Teaching Searching
Another component from my NESA presentation this Spring.

2) Class Website
This stretches the definition of "new" I guess. I've had class websites before. The year before last I did not, but I brought it back this year with a vengeance... filling it with everything under the sun, until electricity and internet outages suspended it in January. After that there didn't seem really a demand to bring it back. Still, for that first semester, it was awesome.
As awesome as this photo

1) Saying Goodbye....
Being an International student is hard in that it always seems like you're either just fitting in to a new setting, or saying goodbye. This year one of our students left without having the chance to say goodbye. I therefore designated a day for the kids to make whatever they wanted- cards, movies, reflections, songs, digital stories, slideshows, or whatever else they could think of- to make for the departed student so that they could each say their goodbye properly, in their own way.

Wednesday, July 31, 2013

My Class Economy Part 6: A Study In Advertising Genres

It's been a while since I've hit the pause button on this series, so here's a quick review of what I've done so far:
Part 1: My Class Economy- an Introduction

Part 2: Creating Meaningful Classroom Jobs
Creating classroom jobs that kids will be both interested in and learn from

Part 3: Managing Accounts, Writing Checks, Workshops, and Bonuses
Learning how to deposit and withdraw money from our bank.

Part 4: What Does It Mean To Produce Something?
Videos, Books, and Field Trips to help us prepare to be Entrepreneurs

Part 5: The Christmas Firings
The mid-year switch from "Government Jobs" To Entrepreneurs

So now that we're caught up, let's dive into part 6: The study of advertising genres.

The Power of Slogans and Logos
The first thing I do in January is ask students to identify this:


I've taught this in approximately 397 countries, and they all get it. 
But the recognition of simple images is only one part of the lesson. 
The other part is when someone groans. Because they're hungry. Because they see that slogan and it reminds them of food.
That's amazing.
And that's a great hook when I introduce commercial genres with something I call, "Tasty and Delicious":



So that's how I use the idea of logos (and eventually slogans) to transition into commercial genres. The genres are the real meat of this lesson. Because you can take a single product... let's say socks... and package it in a different genre to appeal to different types of people.


These socks are for those that love adventure.

These socks will make your life better and more fun.

These socks are for those that love to look cool.

These socks are for those who have a sense of humor.

These socks are action-packed!

But wait... these are all the same brand of sock!


If only they exploded

I eventually split the kids up into small groups, give each group a bunch of print ads, and see if they can define a genre from them. Genres like those listed above are fairly easily discovered. But there are some tricky ones. Specifically the idea of transfer or what my students eventually call metaphor.
This one is for face cream

Eventually we move into commercials and identify multiple genres in an advertisement:


This one seems to have elements that appeal to everyone

We watch and study a lot. We try to identify the slogans and logos. We try to identify the genre or genres. And we try to see how well the ad connects with us regardless of the product so we can identify which genres are most effective on us. 

Then we start writing. By this time the kids have an idea of what they want to sell, and they'll try to write an ad for it. I'll usually give them a choice. For example, either write a humor ad or an action ad. 

After they write an ad, I give them a choice of different genres using their same product. For example, 
either write a lookin' cool ad or a metaphor ad.

After they've written three scripts in three different genres, we work on revising and combining the genres until we have a polished product. That's the hard part. The fun part comes immediately after when we start to film. 

Tuesday, July 23, 2013

Using Back Channels During A Vow Of Silence

This past year, 4th grade held their second annual No-Talk-A-Thon; a vow of silence fundraiser to help support our sister school.
Based on the book No Talking 
by Andrew Clements

We used Class Dojo to keep track of the hours we kept silent. For every hour we were silent, the child added a point to their avatar.
And everyone chose hours they were comfortable with

This year I deliberately tried to use back channels as a main medium of communication throughout the day, along with individual whiteboards and pantomiming. When the kids entered the classroom, the morning message directed them to look at their emails. They were then greeted with this message:

Hi everyone,
And welcome to our day of silence. To help us with our day of silence, I've set up some special rooms for us. I'll explain all of them before we begin.

General Discussions
Work Related Discussions (Writing, Math, etc)
            http://todaysmeet.com/lswork
Class Story: Told In 3 Word Chunks
            http://todaysmeet.com/lsstory

Book Clubs:
Clues In The Woods
Sammy Keyes and the Hotel Thief
The Westing Game

Good luck with your fund raising!
Sincerely,
Mr. Ryan

I'll explain what these virtual rooms were and how they turned out.*
General Discussions
I thought it was important to have a room for general chatting. We didn't have many opportunities to use this, and the kids preferred their individual white boards when "talking" during break or between subjects. However it was used to communicate thoughts to the whole class. For example, one student needed to tell the class that the third graders were trying to get her to talk, so it was a nice warning system.
Rating: 3 out of 5 General Stars 







Work Related Discussions
This was probably a good idea. But because of the way the lessons were scheduled on this day, outside of Book Club (which had its own discussion rooms) there really wasn't a need for peer discussion.
Rating: 2 out of 5 cubicles



Class Story
This idea was lifted directly from the book No Talking. But instead of speaking, we wrote a story in 3 word chunks. If TodaysMeet worked closer to the definition of what a backchannel was (a real time electronic discussion), this would have been more successful. I wanted it to be a time filler during down time, but everyone's down time seemed to overlap, and the story wasn't updated in real time. The end result was a little incoherent.

The kids loved it anyway. And it created several teachable moments such as, "You're a better writer than making just poop and fart additions to the story." A piece of advice that I should have been proactive with instead of reactive.
Rating: 4 out of 5 toilets

Book Clubs
At the time, I was running three book clubs focused on the mystery genre: The Westing Game by Ellen Raskin, Sammy Keyes and the Hotel Thief by Wendelin Van Draanen, and Clues In The Woods by Peggy Parish. Therefore for each book club discussion, I set up a different room. Here's a sample from the Sammy Keyes book club:

It's hard to write about what you are thinking! Especially if you can't type fast. Still there was an overwhelming positive response to this and all three book clubs begged to do it again even if we didn't have a vow of silence. It was a great exercise in learning how to quickly and concisely communicate complex ideas through writing.
Rating: 5 out of 5 clubs


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